What's been driving Hawaii's lava fountains?
Before the lava fountains started, the ground was expanding by half a meter a day.
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In 2024, a large series of earthquakes accompanied the opening of a vent, and a 900-meter-long fissure opened, sending fountains as high as 160 meters into the sky over the course of 13 hours. Less than a day after that subsided, a second eruption followed. As of last month, 52 additional fountain eruptions had occurred, the most violent of which spewed lava over 400 meters into the air.
Perhaps the most significant finding was that we could predict when a fountaining eruption was likely to happen. Each eruption caused rapid deflation of the summit of Kilauea and was followed by the relatively…